Cost-Effective Methane Monitoring in Biogas Production: An Investigation Using MQ-4 Sensor Technology

Negara, I Gede Artha and Subagia, I Wayan Adi and Anakottapary, Daud Simon and Widiantara, Ida Bagus Gde and Putra, I Dewa Gede Agus Tri (2024) Cost-Effective Methane Monitoring in Biogas Production: An Investigation Using MQ-4 Sensor Technology. In: Mechanical Engineering and Emerging Technologies National Conference Theme : “Sustainable Manufacturing: Innovations, Challenges, and Solutions”, 12 Oktober 2024, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) Yogyakarta.

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Abstract

Methane measurement is very important to determine the calorific value of biogas fuel. Gas chromatograph is a typical equipment used for measuring methane content. However, this tool is costly and requires a large amount of gas sample. The proper and low-cost device for measuring methane content is the MQ-4 sensor. This sensor can be linked to a microcontroller such as Arduino and has a measuring range from 200 to 10,000 ppm. This study aims to investigate the methane concentration from biogas that is derived from cow manure (CM) and a blend of municipal solid waste (MSW). The MQ-4 sensor was placed inside the headspace of degister tank along with electric circuits. The monitoring showed that the mean and standard deviation was found to be 1.557 ± 0.321% (for 7-day), 4.453 ± 0.233% (for 14-day) and 3.294 ± 0.091% (for 21-day). In addition, the highest methane content was found in the CM sample, reaching 3,603 ppm during 21 days retention time. Comparatively, the methane concentration generated from the blend of MSW sample showed, 1,959 ppm within the same time period. Overall, this device provides reliable, affordable and low-cost solution for methane measurement. Additionally, the durability of the sensor is good for many applications.

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