Practices of Bali Tourism Development, Threefolding, and Tri Hita Karana Local Knowledge in New Order Indonesia

Mudana, I Gede and Suamba, Ida Bagus Putu and Putra, I Made Ardana and Ardini, I W (2018) Practices of Bali Tourism Development, Threefolding, and Tri Hita Karana Local Knowledge in New Order Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. pp. 1-12.

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Abstract

Tourism in Bali since the establishment of Bali Beach hotel in Sanur, Denpasar City, and I Gusti Ngurah Rai international airport in Tuban, Badung regency, in 1950s and 1960s, experienced a very rapid development of various aspects. Even currently Bali has a very good brand in the international context and was awarded several times as the best destination in the world. Behind the development of tourism that is so industrialized in various fields, such as tourist attractions, hotels, restaurants, travel agencies, transportation, souvenir shops, and so on, and the arrival of abundant foreign tourists, it turns out many major problems occur behind it. In the development of a number of tourist areas during the New Order (Orde Baru) era (1966-1998) for example, there were various controversies that accompanied, especially related to the unbalanced three-pillar relationship (politic-economy-culture), namely the state, investors (tourism industry), and society. That's why this study is to know how and to at what extent the tourism development in Bali is practiced during the New Order, especially in 1990's. For that reason, this study is based on the critical perspective of cultural studies to find out which side is dominant in the development of tourism and which side is defeated by the dominant power. Related analysis is done by using qualitative analysis techniques by using eclectically theory of hegemony (Antonio Gramsci) and theory of power/knowledge relation (Michel Foucault). Data were collected through interview, observation, and especially document studies.The results of the study show that during the New Order era in Indonesia there was an unequal/unbalanced relationship among the threefolding, i.e three pillars: the state (political power), investors (economic power), and civil society (cultural power). In general, the state almost always collaborated with the investors, so that the society did not exist in the relationship of the three pillars. Getting support from the state, the tourism investors became very dominant and the society was in a defeated position. In the local context, as seen in cases of tourism development that were quite large in Bali, the community was ultimately at a disadvantaged condition. Lack of political will defending the society in tourism development; adverse land sale in the development of tourism facilities; limited employment opportunities in tourism; minimal qualification of knowledge and tourism skills; the development of tourism facilities that damage the physical environment and sanctity that has been preserved by the society; and so forth. Large cases include Padanggalak reclamation (Denpasar), construction of the Selasih golf course (Gianyar), Bali Nirwana Resort, Tanah Lot (Tabanan), and Bali Pecatu Graha (Badung). In such cases, it is clear that the local wisdom of the Balinese community, namely trihita karana (the three causes of well-being and inwardness), namely parhyangan (the relationship between human and God the Creator), pawongan (the relationship between human and human) and palemahan (the relationship between human and nature), is not executed properly because each party, especially the dominant parties, has its own ideology and interests in the tourism development.

Item Type:	Article
Subjects:	Agama dan Filsafat Agama dan Filsafat > Ilmu Filsafat Agama dan Filsafat > Ilmu Filsafat > Filsafat Lain Yang Belum Tercantum
Divisions:	Jurusan Administrasi Bisnis > Prodi D4 Manajemen Bisnis Internasional > Publikasi
Depositing User:	Ida Bagus Putu Suamba
Date Deposited:	28 Apr 2023 03:19
Last Modified:	25 Jul 2023 06:48
URI:	http://repository.pnb.ac.id/id/eprint/5169

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