Integrated Microcontroller MQ Sensors for Monitoring Biogas: Advancements in Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Detection

Negara, I Gede Artha and Anakottapary, Daud Simon and Widiantara, Ida Bagus Gde and Midiani, Luh Putu Ike and Nindhia, Tjokorda Gde Tirta and Santhiarsa, I Gusti Ngurah Nitya (2024) Integrated Microcontroller MQ Sensors for Monitoring Biogas: Advancements in Methane and Hydrogen Sulfide Detection. Jurnal Teknosains, 13 (2). pp. 140-151. ISSN 2089-6131

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Abstract

Recent technological advances in microcontroller systems enable novel biogas monitoring capabilities. This study investigates microcontroller-based quantification of methane and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in biogas derived from anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digesters were fed either 100% cow dung substrates or a 50:50 mixture of cow dung with municipal solid waste (MSW). Methane levels were monitored using an MQ-4 sensor, hydrogen sulfide via an MQ-136 sensor, and temperature with a K-type thermocouple, all integrated with an ATmega 2560 microcontroller system. The 100% cow dung digester produced biogas with maximum methane concentrations of 3488 ppm at 21 days, indicating improved methane production compared to the 50:50 mixture of cow dung with MSW. Hydrogen sulfide reached 195 ppm and 192 ppm for the 100% cow dung and mixed digesters. Mesophilic temperature conditions were maintained throughout the digestion process. Real-time quantification of biogas composition demonstrates the capabilities of microcontroller-based anaerobic digester monitoring to provide precise methane and hydrogen sulfide measurements.

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